Bolt lock



Nov. 281 1939. J. w.v GEDDES BOLT Loox Filed Feb. 16, 1957 mmm Q QQ

16 @1 Q I/ve w/or: l Johzv/Waedes,

E ,lm I (Hy Patented Nov. 28, 1939 UNITED STATES 2,181,301 BOLT Loox John W. Geddes,`Watertown, Mass., assignor to H. K. Porter, Inc.,A Everett, Mass., a ,corporation of Massachusetts Application February 16,

y1937,"ser1'a1 No. 126,001

11 claims. (01151-32) f 1 This invention relates to bolt locks and the object is to provide a device for application to a bolt head, by which term I include a removable head, that is, a nut, to prevent turning Lof the same after the bolt is set up on a piece of work.

My invention will be well understood by reference to the following description taken inr connection with the accompanying drawing showing several illustrative embodiments of the invention, wherein: f y

Figs. 1, 4 and 7 are plan views illustrating three several modications;

Figs. 2, 5 and 8 are vvertical sections of Figs. 1, 4 and 7 respectively showing the locking device in position but not secured; and

Figs. 3, 6 and 9 are vertical sections corresponding to Figs. 2, 5 and 8 respectively showing the parts in locked position. v

Referring to the modication shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, I have there .shown a bolt having a head l2 with a non-circular periphery, herein of the ordinary hexagonal form, and a shank I4 penetrating a piece of Work lli. Herein the head l2 is shown as entering a recess laencircling the bolt-receiving opening presenting inwardly-facing ridges facing the bolt head, which vrecess in the example shown is of a regular pentagonal form. To lock the bolt against turning relatively to the work I provide an annulus 20 having an interior periphery of hexagonal form of approximately the size of the head and an exterior periphery of pentagonal form similar to and of approximately the size of the recess I8. This annulus is initially dished as shown in Fig. 2. The annulus 20 is not a washer and is not received under the head of the bolt, but on the contrary in its initially dished form may by a movement of axial approach be freely placed in encircling relation to the bolt head after thetbolt is set up against the work and will be received with an easy ft between the head l2 and the encircling ridge formed by the margin of the recess I8, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

It will be noted that the engagement of the annulus 2B with the bolt head and with the Work I6 is along lines or joints which lare not centric with the axis of the bolt, that is, along lines at least in partdilfering from a circular arcv centered on the axis of the bolt, and since the Work I6 may be considered fixed it is clear that the annulus and the bolt head are incapable of' rotation relative thereto. To lock the parts in this condition the dished annulus 20 may be more or less iattened out by axial pressure applied thereto, as illustrated in Fig. 3, .being squeezedinto the -space between the head 20 andthe ridges or abutments provided by the wall of the recess I8, and is thus placed lunder a radial stress bywhich it is secured in position. This stress may either be, as illustrated in Fig. 3, va stressbetweenV the ,bolt head l2 and the radially remote abutments on the work or a stress-against either of these parts. Thus, if the annulus has a, considerable clearance from thevbolt head, it may be stressed between thewall of the recess land its inner peripheral zonewithout tightly engaging the bolt head itself although the straight lines of its inner periphery presented to the iiats ofthe head will preventrotat'ion of` the' latter. Conversely the annulus may be stressed between the bolt head and its outer peripheral Zone.

' In case it is desired to'remove the locking annulus to permit unscrewing of the bolt in cases 'where the locking'annulusfis disposed inwardly lof the surface of thework, as in Fig. 3, the'face 4of the work I6 may be provided with 'a groove 22 opening to the recess tol provide for the insertion of a prying tool beneath the annulus. Inthe absence of such a device the removal of the annulus in the form shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 would be difficult and this may be taken advantage of in utilizing the locking device as a seal to prevent or disclose tampering. i Such a seal would be particularly effective if 'the annulus is madeof va rsoft metal not adapted to withstand theaction of prying` tools ortheA like without such mutilation as would clearly be disclosed. v'

I have shownin Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and described the exterior abutment as providedvby thewalls of a'pentagonal recess.' This arrangement p rovides adiferential or'hunting action permitting a ne adjustment of the bolt. Thus;` given the hexagonal head and thefpentagonally arranged exterior abutment, as shown,'it'wil1"be vclear from Fig.` 1 that if theannulus-20 were turned clock'- wise through an angle of '72 so that the side.

which is vertical and Sat `the right in the ligure were engaged with the lower` right-hand side of symmetrically disposed, non-centric, engaging surfaces of the bolt head.

In the modication shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the dished annulus 20a is provided with a hexagonal inner periphery as before, but for interlocking it with 'the Work the outer periphery is provided with the openings 241, herein in the form of notches, for engagement with a suitable radially remote abutment on the work, herein illustrated as aI pin 25. 'Ihe abutment-receiving notches 241 are herein shown as pentagonally arranged and may receive one or more pins, one

only being illustrated in the drawing. Thean-y nulus is flattened as to lock it, as shown in Fig. 6, and in the case where vonly one pin is used, evidently the stress of the .annulus "must be against thehead l2 of the bolt. The pentagonal arrangement of the notchesnland of the locking abutments if' more than one are present, permits the hunting action above described although-if desired, the opening to receive the pin mightbe extemporaneouslyV formed in desired position, particularly if a single pin is relied upon.

In Figs. '7 to `9 the annulus 29h is of. smooth circular exterior circumference with the center cut away to receive the hexagonal bolt head. Inwardly ofthe outer periphery the metal is cut away to receive the abutments 28, herein in the 4form of projections formed on the work-piece i6 and shown as taking the form of projections arranged atpoints corresponding to the sides of a regular pentagon. 'Ihese openings are herein provided by` slotting the annulus inwardlyfrom the central opening in the form of five equally spacedgrooves, leaving the intervening portions of the inner periphery as projecting tongues having inner ends adapted to make line contact with theats of the head.l The-annulus is `slipped into the position shown in Fig. 8 by a movement of axial approach as before and is flattened to the position in Fig. 9, placing the same under v radial stress `exertedbetween its unbroken outer zone and the head of the bolt.

In the drawing I haveillustrated the initially dished washer as being applied in all instances with the concave sidedown, butl under proper conditions it could equally well be applied with the convex side down.

I am aware that the, invention may be embodied in other specific forms 'without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and I therefore desire the present embodiment to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not against which the` head is set up, means for locking the head against rotation relatively to said part comprising an initially dished annulus at leasta portion of its inner periphery of a noncircular form corresponding to said portion of the head, the annulus being adapted to be freely positioned in encircling relation about said head by a movement'of axial approach, means outwardof the head for lnon-rotatably` engaging the annulus with said part, the annulus so positioned and engaged being capable of axial compression to place it under radial stress against at least the bolt head. i

2. In lcombination with a bolt having-a polygonal head and a part towhich it is applied presenting a polygonalridgefacing the head, an

initially dished annulus having inner and outer polygonal peripheries similar to the contours of the head and ridge and of approximately like size, said annulus adapted freely to be positioned between the head and ridge and capable of axial compression to lock it in position by radial stress against at least one of them.

3. In combination with a bolt having a polygonal head and a part to which it is applied presenting a linear ridge radially outward of the head and facing toward the same, an initially dished annulus adapted to lit freely in embracing relation to the head and interiorly conforming in contour thereto and having exteriorly a flat for presentation `to said ridge, the annulus being capable of axial compression to lock it in positionby radial stress against at least the head.

4. In combination with a bolt having a polygonal head, an initially dished annulus having inner and outer polygonal peripheries, the inner similar to the head and the outer having a number of sides diiferent from the number of sides of the head and from a submultiple thereof, a part to which the bolt is applied having a linear abutment homologous to a side of the outer polygon when the annulus is in position about the bolt, said annulus adapted freely to be positioned between head and abutment and capable of axial compression to lock it in position by radial stress against at least one of them.

5. In combination with a bolt having a polygonal head and apart to which it is applied having a projection radially outward of the head, an initially dished annulus constructed to be positioned in embracing position about the head and having flats on its inner periphery to engage ats of the head and having its outer periphery notched to engage the projection, said annulus being capable of axial compression to lock it in position by radial stress against at least the head, the internal flats being equal in number to the flats of the head and the periphery'having a number of notches other than the number of flats or a sub-multiple thereof.

6. In combination with a bolt having a polygonal head and a part to which it isapplied having a projection radially outward of the head, an initially dished annulus constructed to be positioned in embracing position about the head and having hats on its inner periphery to engage flats of the head and having outwardly thereof a recess to embrace said projection at least in part, said annulus being capable of axial compression to lock it in position by radial stress against at least the head.

7. In combination with a bolt having a polygit is applied having a projection outward of thehead, means for locking the bolt head against rotation comprising an initially dished annulus constructed to be positioned in embracing relation about the head by a movement of axial approach, the interior of the annulus presenting to,ng ues having `end portions for vnon-rotation with the side of the head when pressed radially inward toward the same, the tongues defining at least one recess to pass the projection, the.

annulus being capable of axial compression to place it under radial stress against the side of the head.

9. In combination with a bolt having a head with a non-circular peripheral portion and a part against which the head is set up, means for locking the head against rotation relatively to said part comprising an initially disheol annulus, at least a portion of its inner periphery of a non-circular form corresponding to said portion of the head, the annulus being adapted to be freely positioned in encircling relation about said head by a movement of axial approach, means outward of the head for non-rotatably engaging therannulus with said part comprising .opposed abutments between which atleast a portion of the annulus may be received, the annulus so positioned and engaged being capable of axial compression to place it under radial stress against at least the said abutments.

10. In combination'with a bolt having a polygonal head and a part to which it is applied having radially outwardly of the head opposed protions, said annulus being capable of axial compression to lock it in position by radial stress against at least the' projection.

1l. In combination with a bolt having apolygonal head and a part to which it is applied having radially outwardly of the head opposed projections between .which at least a part of the annulus hereinafter mentioned is received, an initially dished annulus constructed .to be positioned in embracing position about the head and having flatsv on its inner periphery to engage flats of the head and having outwardly thereof at least one recess to embrace one of said projections at least in part, said annulus being capable of axial compression to lock it in position by radial stress againsty at least said projections.

J OHN W. GEDDES. 

